The guidelines on this page are adapted from the Simon and Schuster Handbook for Writers, Ninth Edition by Lynn Quitman Troyka and Douglas Hesse. A copy of this handbook may be checked out for in-house use at the Hillsboro or Arnold campus Library. Most Jefferson College faculty members require the MLA documentation style described below. Other styles you may be required to use are APA style and Chicago Manual of Style.

Cite articles as you would cite their print counterparts. Add the following information about the online product:

• The title of the database in italics (Academic Search Premier, etc.);
• Medium of publication (Web); and
• The date you accessed the article.

In the Simon and Schuster Handbook for Writers Ninth Edition, see nos. 1-33 on pages 606-13 for guidelines for print articles. Guidelines for articles from the Library’s databases are on pages 613-16; see nos. 34-38.

EBSCOhost Databases
Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Education Full Text, and PsycArticles, etc...

Examples are listed below. The first illustrates how to cite a magazine article; the second shows the citation format for a journal article; the third is an example from CINAHL and the last is from Business Source Premier.

Beech, Hannah, and Chengcheng Jiang. "The Cult Of Apple In China." Time 2 July

        2012: 44-49. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 July 2012.

Stavrianopoulos, Katherine. "Service Learning within  the Freshman Year

        Experience." College Student Journal 42.2 (2008): 703-12. Academic

         Search Premier. Web. 23 June 2012.

K Raile, et al. "Associations Between Media Consumption Habits, Physical

        Activity, Socioeconomic Status, And Glycemic Control In Children,

         Adolescents, And Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes." Diabetes Care

         34.11 (2011): 2356-2359. CINAHL with Full Text. Web. 9 July 2012.

Forseter, Murray. “To Everything There is a Season; Now is the Time for

        Goodbye.” Chain Store Age 85.7 (2009): 90. Business Source

        Premier. Web. 19 August 2012.

Gale Databases
Academic OneFile, U.S. History Collection, etc...

Two examples are listed below. The first example illustrates how to cite a journal article; the second shows the citation format for a magazine article. Use these examples for other Gale databases, such as Business and Company Profiles ASAP, Communications and Mass Media, Educator's Reference Complete, Nursing & Allied Health Collection, Psychology Collection and World History Collection.

Cornell, Renee and Mary Lou Mosley. “Intertwining College with Real Life: The

        Community College First-Year Experience.” PeerReview 8.3 (2006): 23-

        25. Academic OneFile. Web. 23 Sept. 2011. 

Diaz, Ann-Christine. "TOP 5: 'HUNGER GAMES' SPECIAL." Advertising Age

        26 Mar. 2012: 0027. Communications and Mass Media Collection. Web.

        9 July 2012.

 Chronicle of Higher Education

Hoover, Eric. “Colleges Face Tough Sell to Freshmen, Survey Finds." Chronicle

        of Higher Education 2 Feb. 2008: A1+. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

 CQ Researcher

Cite CQ Researcher as a magazine with one article per issue. Your entry should include: (1) author; (2) title of the article; (3) the title of the magazine (CQ Researcher); (4) the date of the article and “n. pag.” to show that the article has no page numbers; (5) the name of the database in italics; (6) the medium of publication; (7) and the date you accessed the article. The URL is optional.

Glazer, Sarah. “Future of Books: Will Traditional Print Books Disappear?” CQ

        Researcher 29 May 2009: n. pag. CQ Researcher. Web. 6 June 2012.

 CQ Global Researcher

Hack, Christopher. “Hosting the Olympics” CQ Global Researcher 3 July 2012: 305-28.
        Web. 9 July 2012.

 Issues and Controversies in American History

Articles in Issues and Controversies have no page numbers, so citations from this database will include the phrase, "n. pag." Use the following information in your citation: (1) author, if given; (2) title of article in quotation marks; (3) title of publication in italics (Issues and Controversies in American History); (4) date of article, followed by a colon and "n. pag."; (5) database title in italics (Facts on File News Services); (6) medium of publication (Web); (7) date you accessed the article; and (8) URL (optional).

DeFrees, Allison. “Middle East Peace Process.” Issues and Controversies in

        American History 11 Apr. 2006: n. pag. Facts On File News Services.

        Web. 24 June 2012.

JSTOR

Crossley, Scott. “Metaphorical Conceptions in Hip-Hop Music.” African

        American Review 39.4 (2005): 501-12. JSTOR. Web. 2 July 2012.

Anderson, Gregory J. , and James D. Hill. "Many to Flower, Few to Fruit: The

        Reproductive Biology of Hamamelis virginiana (Hamamelidaceae)." American

        Journal of Botany 89.1 (2002): 67-78. JSTOR. Web. 10 July 2012.

 LexisNexis Academic

Schemo, Diana Jean. "What a Professor Learned as an Undercover Freshman."

        New York Times 23 Aug. 2006, final ed.: B1. LexisNexis Academic. Web.

        30 Aug. 2012.

 NewsBank

Thomas, Jim. "L.A. Move is Unlikely for Rams." St. Louis Post-Dispatch 7 June

        2009, 2nd ed.: C1+. NewsBank. Web. 25 June 2012.

 SIRS Knowledge Source

Rogers, Kipp D. "Cell Phones as Instructional Tools." Principal Leadership Feb.

        2009: 65-67. SIRS Knowledge Source. Web. 22 Apr. 2012.

For reference books, follow guidelines 13 and 14 in Simon and Schuster’s Handbook for Writers Ninth Edition (p. 608) for signed or unsigned “Article[s] in a Reference Book,” then add information for the online source. Include the following: (1) the author (if signed); (2) the title of the article in quotations; (3) the title of the reference book in italics; (4) the editor(s) if given; (5) the edition and volume if given; (6) the place of publication: the publisher, the year of publication; (7) title of the database, in italics; (8) medium of publication (Web); and (9) the date of access (day, month and year).

 ABC-CLIO Databases
African American Experience, American Indian Experience, etc...

These databases include articles from web resources and reference books. A reference book citation is shown. Use this example for all databases, such as Latino American Experience and Pop Culture Universe.

Gubert, Betty Kaplan, Miriam Sawyer and Caroline M. Fannin. “Marcella A.

        Ng.” Distinguished African Americans in Aviation and Space Science.

        Westport, CT: Oryx, 2002. African American Experience. Web. 7 Aug.

        2012.

 Contemporary Literary Criticism Select

This database contains: (1) articles from the print edition and (2) links to excerpts from books or articles in journals.

1. Articles from the print edition
Citations begin with the author (if given), title of the article in quotation marks, and then the title of the book in italics. Follow this with publication information for the print version, the name of the database in italics, medium of publication (Web), and the date you accessed the article. The URL is optional.

MLA Citation:

“Joyce Carol Oates.” Contemporary Literary Criticism. Farmington Hills, MI:

        Gale, 2008. Contemporary Literary Criticism Select. Web. 23 June 2012.

2. Linked journal article or book excerpt
Cite articles as you would their print counterparts. Add information about the online product, including title of the database (in italics), medium of publication (Web), and your access date. The URL is optional.

MLA Citation:

Singh, Sushila. “Joyce Carol Oates and Margaret Atwood: Two Faces of the

        New World Feminism.” Panjab Univ. Research Bulletin (Arts) 18.1

        (1987): 83-93. Contemporary Literary Criticism Select. Web. 15 Aug.         
        2012.

 DISCovering Collection

The DISCovering Collection contains essays from a variety of anthologies/collections, reference books, and transcripts of radio programs and podcasts. DISCovering Collection also provides links to additional multimedia sites. Cite anthologies, reference books and transcripts as you would the print source, and then add the information for the Web version. Example 1 below is from an anthology, while example 2 is a transcript of a radio program. If you use the DISCovering Collection to link to another website, cite that website separately. (See section on Websites.)

1.  Essay from an anthology/collection:
Include the following in your citation: (1) the author (if given); (2) title of the article in quotation marks, and (3) original publication information. (4) Follow this with “Rpt. in” plus the title of the collection in italics and new publication facts. (5) End with the name of the database in italics; (6) medium of publication (Web); (7) and the date you accessed the article. Add the URL if requested by your professor.

MLA Citation:

Burnett, Mark Thornton. “The Heart of My Mystery: Hamlet and Secrets.” New

        Essays on Hamlet. Ed. Mark Thornton Burnett and John Manning. Rept. in Exploring Shakespeare. Detroit: Gale, 2003. DISCovering Collection. Web. 4 July 2012.

2.  Transcript of a radio broadcast:
Cite the article as you would its print counterpart. Add information about the online source as shown in the example listed below.

MLA Citation:

“All-Male Romeo and Juliet True to Bard’s Time.” Talk of the Nation. Natl.

        Public Radio. 2 Oct. 2008. Transcript. DISCovering Collection. Web. 5

        Aug. 2012.

  For Students Series

Drama for Students, Novels for Students, Poetry for Students, and Short Stories for Students are sets of electronic reference books. These books contain detailed analyses about literary works (author biographies, summaries, themes, etc.) as well as literary criticism. The analyses are unsigned, but the literary criticism is signed; this will make a difference in how you cite the source. For the unsigned analyses, begin your citation with the title of the literary work. List the title of the book in italics, the editor(s), the volume number of the book, publication information, and follow this with database information (Ex. 1 below). For signed literary criticism, follow Ex. 2 below.

1. Unsigned Analysis of a Literary Work, For Students Series

MLA Citation:

“Immortality.” Short Stories for Students. Ed. Ira Mark Milne. Vol. 24.

        Detroit: Gale, 2007. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 14 July 2012.

2. Signed Literary Criticism/Review of Literary Work, For Students Series

MLA Citation:

Davis, Heather. Rev. of “Small Town with One Road,” by Gary Soto. Poetry

         for Students. Ed. Mary K. Ruby. Vol. 7. Detroit: Gale, 2000. 212-14. Gale

        Virtual Reference Library. Web. 14 July 2012.

 Opposing Viewpoints in Context

1. Viewpoints Essays in Opposing Viewpoints in Context
If the article is a “viewpoint essay,” list it as a selection (or selections) from an anthology (Nos. 10, 11 or 12 on pages 607-8 of the handbook). Your citation will include information on the article: (1) author; (2) title of article in quotation marks; (3) the name of the anthology in italics; (4) editor (if given); (5) print publication information; (6) page numbers if known; (7) and database information.

MLA Citation:

McKay, Floyd J. “Airbus and Other European Companies Are Thriving Fair and

        Square.” Opposing Viewpoints:The European Union. Ed. Noël Merino.

        Detroit: Greenhaven, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints in Context.

        Web. 14 July 2012.

Many of the viewpoint essays are reproduced from another original source (indicated at the beginning of the article) and then compiled into an anthology. Sometimes the title of the article has changed since its original publication. In this case, you need to show: (1) author,; (2) revised title; (3) and information about the anthology (title, editor, publisher, publication date and page numbers, if given). Then incorporate the original source information by using the phrase “Rpt. of” [reprint of] or “Excerpt from” before the information about the original article (original title and original publishing information). Lastly, add the title of the database in italics, medium of publication (Web) and date you accessed the article. See example below.

MLA Citation:

Poppink, Joanna. “Education Programs Can Help Prevent Eating Disorders.”

        Opposing Viewpoints: Eating Disorders. Ed. Jennifer A. Hurley. San Diego:

        Greenhaven, 2001. Excerpt from “Eating Disorder Education:

        Benefits for Parents and Teens.” Self-Help Magazine 28 May 2009.

        Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 23 July 2012.

If the title has not changed from the original publication, list the original publication first, followed by the phrase “Rpt. in.” List the citation information in this order: original source, anthology, database, medium of publication, and date of access.

2. Reference Books/Statistical Sources in Opposing Viewpoints in Context
If the article is shown under the “reference” or “statistics” tab, cite it as a signed or unsigned article in a reference book (nos. 13 or 14 on p. 608 of the handbook).

MLA Citation:

Brint, Steven. “Higher Education.” Encyclopedia of Sociology. Ed. Edgar F.

        Borgetta and Rhonda J.V. Montgomery. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan,

        2000. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 23 May 2012.

3. Articles in Opposing Viewpoints in Context
If the article is shown under a magazine, news or academic journal tab, make a citation for that type of source, then add the information about the database. The example below shows a newspaper article in which the database does not show the page number for the print version of the article.

MLA Citation:

Willis, Rick. “U.S. Supreme Court Ruling Gives Priority to Special Education.”

        Pittsburgh Tribune-Review 6 July 2009. Opposing Viewpoints

        in Context. Web. 5 Aug. 2012.

Follow guidelines 13 and 14 in Simon and Schuster’s Handbook for Writers Ninth Edition (p. 608) for articles in a Reference Book. Include the following information: (1) the author (if signed); (2) the title of the article in quotations; (3) the name of the reference source in italics; (4) the editor(s) if given; (5) the edition and volume if given; (6) the place of publication: publisher, year of publication; (7) the name of the database in italics; (8) medium of publication (Web); and (9) the date of access (day, month and year).

 Credo Reference

This database contains information from reference books. Cite as you would a reference book using the appropriate example in Simon and Schuster Handbook for Writers Ninth Edition, Nos. 13 and 14 on p. 608.

"Globalization." An Encyclopedia of Macroeconomics. Cheltenham: Elgar, 2002.

        Credo Reference. Web. 16 July 2012.

 Encyclopedia Britannica Online

“Baseball.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.

         Web. 30 June 2012.

 Literary Reference Center

This product contains information from reference works, books, and literary journals used to create reviews, synopses and more. Cite as you would for the print publications, guidelines 24 through 33, and add the following: (1) the title of the database (italicized); (2) the medium of publication; and (3) the date you accessed the information. The first example below is cited as an article in an alphabetically arranged reference book. The second example is an article in a scholarly journal.

Halio, Jay L. “William Shakespeare.” Research Guide to Biography and

         Criticism. Vol. 2. N.p.: Beacham, 1985. Literary Reference Center. Web.

         23 July 2012.

Petrina, Alessandra. “Forbidden Forest, Enchanted Castle: Arthurian Spaces in

        the Harry Potter Novels.” Mythlore 24.3-4 (2006): 95-110. Literary

        Reference Center. Web. 23 July 2012.

Begin your citation for an electronic book from the eBooks on EBSCOhost collection as you would a print book (see pages 606-7). Add (1) the title of the database (eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), (2) the medium of publication (i.e., Web) and (3) the date you browsed the book.

Dowd, Karen O., and Sherrie Gong Taguchi. Ultimate Guide To Getting The

        Career You Want : And What To Do Once You Have It. McGraw-Hill,

        2004. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 1 Dec. 2012.



Brandt, Deborah. Literacy in American Lives. Cambridge University Press, 2001.

         ebrary. Web. 9 July. 2012.

  Project Gutenberg book accessed through the Archway catalog.

Elliot, George. Middlemarch. 1872. Project Gutenberg. 24 May 2008. Web. 10

         July 2012.

 Websites

Cite according to the appropriate model in the Simon and Schuster Handbook for Writers Ninth Edition, (Nos. 45 -75 on pages 618-25). The basic citation will include:

1. Name of author or corporate author, if any.
2. Title of a short work, in quotation marks. Examples include one web page of a larger website, a photograph from a website, an online posting, etc.
3. Title of the overall website (if different from item 2 above), italicized, and followed by a period. Sometimes websites do not have a title. In that case, describe the site but do not use italics or quotation marks:
Online posting. Home page.
4. Version or edition used (such as edition of an online book), if any.
5. Name of a publisher or sponsoring organization of the site, if listed, followed by a comma. Use "N.p." if there is no publisher or sponsoring organization.
6. Date of publication on the web or date of most recent update. Use "n.d." if there is no date.
7. Medium of publication (Web).
8. Date you accessed the material.

MLA Citation:

Archer, James and Christina Carroll. "Stress and College Students." University of

        Florida Counseling Center. University of Florida, 28 Jan. 2002. Web. 3 July

        2012.

“Missouri’s State Bird.” State Symbols of Missouri. Missouri Secretary of

        State, n.d. Web. 27 June 2012.

Naturale, Joan. “Deaf Studies Internet Resources.” RIT Libraries. Rochester

        Institute of Technology, 12 June 2008. Web. 23 July 2012.

For audio recordings posted online include as much information you can identify: (1) author; (2) title; (3) sponsoring organization or website; (4) date posted; and (5) date accessed.

Armitage, Simon. “Gooseberry Season.” Audio Clip. Poets.org. Academy

        Audio Archive. September 29, 2008. Web. 13 August 2012.

Palmer, Parker. “Parker Palmer on Economic Crisis, Morality and Meaning”

        Interview with Krista Tippett. Podcast. Speaking of Faith. 23 July 2009.

        American Public Media. Web. 16 August 2012.

For online video or film clips include as much of the following information that is available (1) title of the work; (2) title of the overall website (italicized) followed by a period; (3) publisher or sponsor of the website; (4) date of publication (day, month and year if available. If none is available us “n.d.”; (5) medium of publication; (6) date of access.

 Films on Demand

“Professional Image: Professionalism 101.” Online Video. Films Media Group.

         Films on Demand. 2012. Web. 28 June 2012.

 YouTube

“Lec 1 | MIT 6.451 Principles of Digital Communication II” Online Video.

        YouTube. YouTube. February 15, 2008. Web. 13 August 2012.

        “How to Can Fruits” Online Video. Howcast. Howcast. July 28, 2009. Web.

        “19 August 2012.

For images posted online include as much information as you can identify: (1) artist; (2) title of work; (3) date of composition; (4) medium of composition; (5) name of institution or collection; (6) city of institution; (7) title of the website or database; (8) medium of publication consulted (Web); and (9) date accessed.

”Administrative tablet with seal impressions,.” ca. 3000–2900 B.C.

        Protocuneiform inscription, clay. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Metropolitan Museum of Art. Web. 17 Aug. 2012.

Dominis, John. “Woodstock Music & Art Fair” August 1969. Man seated with

        two young boys in front of a wildly painted school bus, during the

        Woodstock Music Art Fair. Time-Life. Web. 19 August 2012.

Hamilton, Timothy K. Blue Medusa. 24 Feb. 2004. Photo of Chihuly’s

        Chandelier at Missouri Botanical Garden Entrance. Flickr. Web. 17 August

        2012.

"Ragdoll". Photograph. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Web. 9 Jul. 2012.

"Sacha/Getty Images. "A Close-up of a Ballerina Performing on Pointe". 1 Oct.

        1937. Photograph. Academic Search Premier. Web. 9 July 2012.